B"H
๐Ÿก

Ikar

Likkutei Sichos Volume 1, page 178

ื.

ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ื™ืชื ื• ื’ื•' ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ 1 ),

ืืžืจ ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ื›ืžื™ืŸ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืืฉ ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืชื—ืช ื›ืกื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื•ื”ืจืื”ื• ืœืžืฉื” ื•ืืžืจ ืœื• ื–ื” ื™ืชื ื•,

ื›ื–ื” ื™ืชื ื• - ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ืžืฉื” ื ืชืงืฉื” ื‘ื•,

ืžืฉื”'ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ,

ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ื”ืจืื” ืœื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื›ื•'.

ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ 2 )

ืื™ื– ืžื‘ืืจ ืึทื– ืžืฉื”'ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืก'ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ,

ื ืึธืจ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืืก ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขื–ืื’ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ืืœ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื›ืคืจ ื ืคืฉื•: ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ื– ืฉื™ื™ืš ืฆื• ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื›ืคืจ ื ืคืฉื•,

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืืš ืขื•ืจ ื‘ืขื“ ืขื•ืจ ื•ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืœืื™ืฉ ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืขื“ ื ืคืฉื• ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ื’ืข 3 ).

ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ,

ื•ื•ื™ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื™ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืคืึทืจืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ื– ืฉื™ื™ืš ื›ืคืจ ื ืคืฉื• ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืืฉ ืžืชื—ืช ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“?

ื‘.

ืฆื• ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืก,

ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ืžื‘ืืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืืฉ ืžืชื—ืช ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“,

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืขื ื™ื ื™ื: ื)

ืžื˜ื‘ืข.

ื‘)

ืืฉ.

ื’)

ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“.

ืžื˜ื‘ืข: ื“ื™ ื’ืžืจื 4 )

ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืึทื– ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืื™ื– - ื—ืจื™ืฃ ืœืฆืืช.

ื“ืืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื” ื›ืกืฃ.

ืฉื•ื” ื›ืกืฃ ืฉืึทืฆืŸ ืึธืค ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื’ืœื™ื™ืš,

ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžืขืจืขืจ ื“ืขื ื—ืคืฅ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ื™ ืื™ื ืžืขืจืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜,

ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื“ืขื ื—ืคืฅ,

ืื™ื– ื“ืืก ื‘ื™ื™ ืื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜,

ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืื™ื ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื ื™ื˜.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืื™ื– ื—ืจื™ืฃ ืœืฆืืช,

ื“.

ื”.

ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜,

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื™ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš.

ืืฉ: ืขืก ืื™ื– ื™ื“ื•ืข ื“ืขืจ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืืจื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช.

ืฉืืจื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืœืžื˜ื”,

ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืจื•ื— ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื™ื•ืจื“ ืœืžื˜ื” ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืž"ืž ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ื•ื•ืื• ืขืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš,

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืืจื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืืš ืœืžื˜ื”,

ื•ืจื•ื— ืืœืงื™ื ืžืจื—ืคืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืžื™ื,

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืืจื˜ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืขืจ,

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืืฉ ืื™ื– ื‘ื˜ื‘ืขื• ืขื•ืœื” ืœืžืขืœื”,

ื‘ื™ื– ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืชื—ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืจืึธืคื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ืœืžื˜ื”,

ืึทื– ืขืจ ื–ืืœ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืžืื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ 5 ).

ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“: ืื™ืŸ ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืคืืจืึทืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืขื ื™ื ื™ื: ื)

ื›ืกื.

ื‘)

ื›ื‘ื•ื“.

ื›ืกื ืื™ื– ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™,

ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืจื™ื.

ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜,

ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ื›ืกื ืื™ื– ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื›ื‘ื•ื“.

ื•ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ืžืฉืœ ื‘ืžืœืš ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ืึทื– ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืกื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื›ื‘ื•ื“.

ืื™ืŸ ืคืœื•ื’ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืึธืš ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื™ื™ื.

ื•ื•ืึธืจื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื“ื•ืงื.

ื‘ืฉืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืžืœืš ืึทื ื˜ืคืœืขืงื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืงื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึทืจืคื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ืคื—ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื’ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“,

ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืฉืขืช ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื”ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืขืœ'ื˜ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“,

ื•ืื“ืจื‘ื”.

ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“,

ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืืš ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื™ื™ื?

ื ืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžื’ื™ื“ 6 ),

ืึทื– ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ื•ื•ืืœื˜ ืžืื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ ื•ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœืžืขืœื”,

ื•ื•ืืœื˜ืŸ ื ื‘ืจืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ.

ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืžื•ื– ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื›ื™ืกื•ื™,

ื•ื•ืืก ืื™ื– ืžืขืœื™ื ื•ืžืกืชื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช.

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืœื ื•ื”ืกืชืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™,

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžืขืœื™ื ื•ืžืกืชื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื ื‘ืจืื™ื ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ,

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื ืชื’ืœื” ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืจืš ื”ื ื‘ืจืื™ื,

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืคื•ืขืœ'ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™,

ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืืœืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฆื•ื ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ.

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืกื ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• - ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื›ืกื ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืžืขืŸ,

ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ื“ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืคืœื”.

ื‘ืฉืขืช ืžืขืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืžืขืŸ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืื™ื– ื ื”ืฉืคืœื”.

ื•ื–ื”ื• ืขื ื™ืŸ ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“,

ื•ื•ืืก ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ืš ืžืฆืžืฆื ื•ืžืฉืคื™ืœ ืฆื• ื ื‘ืจืื™ื.

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืžื•ืจื” ื“ื™ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื›ืกื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ - ื›ืก ืืœ"ืฃ.

ื“ืขืจ ืืœ"ืฃ - ืื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืืœื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื,

ืื™ื– ื–ื™ืš ืžืชื›ืกื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื›ืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืขืจ ื ืชื’ืœื” ืฆื• ื ื‘ืจืื™ื.

ื•ื–ื”ื• ืขื ื™ืŸ ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ - ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื‘ืจืื™ื,

ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื‘ืจืื™ื.

(ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข ื“ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื”,

ืขื•ืœื ื”ื›ืกื).

ื’.

ื“ืขืจ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืจื•ืคื˜ ืึทืจื•ื™ืก ื‘ื™ื™ ื ื‘ืจืื™ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช,

ืจืฆื•ื ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื‘.

ืจืฆื•ื: ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื ื‘ืจืื™ื ื”ืขืจืŸ ืืŸ ื”ืคืœืืช ืืœืงื•ืช ื“ื™ ืจื™ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’-ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ - ื•ื•ืืก ื–ื™ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื›ืœื™ื,

ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืจื’ืฉ ื”ืœื‘,

ืจื•ืคื˜ ืขืก ื‘ื™ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ืืจื•ื™ืก ื ืจืฆื•ื ื•ื›ืœื™ื•ืŸ,

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ื ื›ืœืœ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืœืงื•ืช.

- ื“ื™ ืžื“ืจื™ื’ื” ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“,

ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืึทื– ื–ื™ ื–ืืœ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกืจื•ืคืŸ ื ื›ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ.

ื•ื•ืึธืจื•ื ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืฆื• ื”ืขืจืŸ ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืœืื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืžื“ืจื™ื’ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืื™ื– ืฉื™ื™ืš ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื”ืขืจืŸ,

ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื,

ื“ื™ ื”ืคืœืื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื -

ืฉื•ื‘: ื•ื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขื ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืฉื ืชืื•ื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ,

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ื”ืื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืžืขืœื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“,

ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืจืืคืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื‘ืจืื™ื,

ืจื•ืคื˜ ืขืก ืึทืจื•ื™ืก ืึท ืชื ื•ืขื” ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื‘,

ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืžืงื™ื™ื ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ื“ืึธ ืœืžื˜ื”.

ื“.

ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ื ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืื•ืŸ ืืฉ.

ืจืฆื•ื ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฉ,

ืฉื˜ื‘ืขื• ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืžืขืœื” - ืจืฆื•ื ื•ื›ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืžืขืœื”.

ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื˜ื‘ืข,

ืฉื—ืจื™ืฃ ืœืฆืืช - ื‘ื™ื™ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื’ืœื™ื™ืš.

ื•ื•ืึธืจื•ื ื“ืขืจ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืจืฆื•ื ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ื–:

ืจืฆื•ื ืื™ื– ืžืฆื“ ื“ืขื ื”ืจื’ืฉ ื”ื ื‘ืจื .

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ ื”ืคืœืื” ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืงื•ืช ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ืคืœื ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ื›ื—ื•ืช,

ืจื•ืคื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืึทืจื•ื™ืก ื‘ื™ื™ ืื™ื ืึท ื›ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ.

ื‘ืžื™ืœื ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ืžื“ืจื™ื’ื•ืช.

ื•ื•ืึธืจื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ื›ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืชืœื•ื™ ืœืคื™ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื•ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉ ื‘ื”ืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื•ื”ื”ืคืœืื” โ€ื“ืืœืงื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ืจืฆื•ืŸ,

ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืžื“ื•ืช.

ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฆื“ ืืคืฉืึทืฆืŸ ื“ืขื ืจื™ื—ื•ืง ื•ื”ืคืœืืช ืืœืงื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช,

ื ืึธืจ ืžืฆื“ ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื,

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ื ืก ืจืฆื•ืŸ,

ื•ื‘ืžื™ืœื ืื™ื– ื“ืืก ื‘ื™ื™ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ โ€ื’ืœื™ื™ืš.

ื ืืš ื ื˜ืขื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืืก "ืžื˜ื‘ืข" ืื™ื– ืžื•ืจื” ืื•ื™ืฃ "ืฉื•ื‘": ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืื™ื– ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืข.

ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ.

ื•ื•ืึธืจื•ื ื“ืืก ื•ื•ืืก ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืื™ื– ื—ืจื™ืฃ ืœืฆืืช,

ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืืก ื ื™ื˜ ืชืœื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืจื’ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื ื•ืฆื˜ ืขืก,

ื ืืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื "ื˜ื‘ืข" ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘,

ื•ื•ืืก ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื” ืคืึทืจ ื ืจื‘ื•ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ืขื ื™ื ื™ื”ื - ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ "โ€โ€Žโ€โ€Žโ€Žโ€Žโ€Žโ€ืฉื•ื‘" ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ - ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืจื” ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜,

ืื™ืŸ ื’ืฉื ืื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข.

ื”.

ื“ืขืจ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืื™ื–,

ืขืก ื–ืืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ "ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืืฉ",

ื“ืขืจ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืืฉ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ.

ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื,

ื‘ืฉืขืช ืžืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉ ื”ืื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช

(ื•ื•ืืก ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื˜ืขื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืืก ืจืฆื•ื ื ืงืจื ื‘ืฉื ืืฉ,

ืžืฆื“ ื“ืขื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื•ืืก ืื™ืŸ ืืฉ),

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืฉืขืช ืžืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ,

ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืš ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ืช 7 ).

ืขืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ "ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืืฉ",

ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ืื›ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ,

ืขืก ื–ืืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื˜ื‘ืข,

ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ,

ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืืœ ืžืขืŸ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื ืงืืš.

ื“ืขืจ ืงืืš ื–ืืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื•ืืก ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœ,

ื ืืจ ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื.

ื•.

ื•ื•ื™ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืคื•ืขืœ'ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืขืก ื–ืืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืคื›ื™ื ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ?

ืื™ื– ื‘ื›ื— ื”ื ื‘ืจื ืงืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืึทืงืข ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ,

ื ืืจ ื“ืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืžืฆื“ ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœืงื•ืช ื‘ื ื‘ืจืื™ื,

ื•ื•ืืก ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืืš ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืคื›ื™ื.

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืืฉ ืžืชื—ืช ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“: ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทื ืขืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ื™ "ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืืฉ" - ืžืชื—ืช ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“,

ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืืœืงื•ืช ื‘ื ื‘ืจืื™ื ื›ื "ืœ.

ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ,

ืื™ื– ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื“ื™ ืขืฆื ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื•ื•ืึธืก ื—ืฆื•ื‘ื” ืžืชื—ืช ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“,

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ืฆื•ืฅ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื‘ื‘ื•ืจื 8 ).

ื•ืžืฆื“ ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืืฉ.

ื–.

ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ,

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ื”ืจืื” ืœื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืืฉ ืžืชื—ืช ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•'ืก ื•ื•ืื•ื ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืคืจ ื ืคืฉื•.

ื•ื•ืึธืจื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื•ื”ืคื’ืžื™ื,

ืึทืคื™ืœื• ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ,

ืจื™ืจืŸ ืืŸ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื,

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืขืฆื ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืื™ื– ื“ืืš ืึทืœืข ืžืึธืœ ื’ืื ืฅ,

ื•ื’ื ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื—ื˜ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืืžื ื” ืืชื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš 9 ),

ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืคื•ืŸ "ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืืฉ",

ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืฉื•ื‘,

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืžืชื—ืช ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“,

ืขืฆื ื”ื ืฉืžื”,

ืคื•ืขืœ'ื˜ ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื,

ืึทื– ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื›ืคืจื” ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื•ื—,

ื“ืึธืก ื ืขืžื˜ ืึทืจืืคึผ ืึทืœืข ืคื’ืžื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื ืืš ืžืขืจ,

ื‘ื™ื– ืึทื– ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืจืฆื•ื™ ื›ืžื• ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื—ื˜ื 10 ).

ื—.

ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ื ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ,

ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืคืจื˜ื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ:

ื)

ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ืื™ื–,

ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ืœื ื™ืจื‘ื” ื•ื”ื“ืœ ืœื ื™ืžืขื™ื˜.

ืื™ืŸ ืคืœื•ื’,

ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ ืขืฉื™ืจ,

ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ืึทืงืข ืœื ื™ืจื‘ื”?

ื ืืš ืžืขืจืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ื™ืง,

ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืฆื‘ื•ืจ,

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืื™ื– ืขืฉื™ืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื ื—ืช ืขื ื™ ืœื ื™ืฆื 11 ),

ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึธืก - ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ืœื ื™ืจื‘ื”?

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ื™ืง: ื“ืขืจ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืขืฉื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืขื ื™ ืื™ื– ื ืืจ ืื™ืŸ ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื™ื,

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžืฆื“ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ืื—ืช ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืžืฆื“ ื”ืขืฆื ืื™ื– ื“ืืš ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืื‘ ืื—ื“ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื” ื•ื›ื•' 12 ),

ืื™ื– ื‘ืฉืขืช ืžืขืŸ ื“ืืจืฃ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืžืฆื“ ื”ืขืฆื,

ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ื’ืœื™ื™ืš.

ื‘)

ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืึทืจืคื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ื“ื•ืงื ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื” ื›ืกืฃ 13 )

- ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ืึทืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืžืฆื“ ืขืฆื ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ื,

ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ื“ื•ืงื,

ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉื—ืจื™ืฃ ืœืฆืืช,

ื‘ื™ื™ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš.

ื’)

ืคื•ืŸ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ 14 ).

ื‘ื™ื™ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื“ื ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช,

ืื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขืฉื™ืจ ืึทื– ืขืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืึท ืžื ื—ืช ืขื ื™ ืื™ื– ืœื ื™ืฆื.

ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ื•ื›ืœืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ,

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืข ืื™ื“ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืึท ืงื•ืžื” ืฉืœื™ืžื”.

ื“)

ืคื•ืŸ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืื“ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื“ื•ืงื ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืจื™ืขื•ืช ื•ืงืจืฉื™ื.

ื™ืจื™ืขื•ืช ื•ืงืจืฉื™ื ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื›ืคื™ ื ื“ื‘ืช ืœื‘ื• - ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ื™ืจื™ืขื•ืช ื•ืงืจืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช,

ืžืฉื"ื› ืื“ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ,

ื“ืขืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ,

ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ 15 ).

ื˜.

ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืื™ื– ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื“ืงื” 16 ).

ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ืฆื“ืงื” ื’ื™ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืชืคืœื”,

ื›ืžืืžืจ ืจื–"ืœ 17 )

ื™ื”ื™ื‘ ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ืœืขื ื™ ื•ื”ื“ืจ ืžืฆืœื™.

ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืชืคืœื” ื•ืฆื“ืงื” ืื™ื–: ื)

ืชืคืœื•ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืชืงื ื•ื 18 )

ืื•ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ื™ื ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืฆื‘ื•ืจ.

ื‘)

ืชืคืœื” ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื

(ื•ื•ืึธืจื•ื ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืืš ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ืคืื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื™ื•ื),

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคืึทืจื ืขืžื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืขื“ ืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ,

ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื™.

ื‘ืžื™ืœื ืื™ื– ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื“ืงื”,

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืืก ื ืขืžื˜ ื›ืœ ื ืคืฉื• ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื›ื•' ื—ื™ื™ ื ืคืฉื• ื›ื•' 19 ),

ืฆื• ืชืคืœื”.

ื™.

ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืื•ืŸ ืืฉ,

ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆื“ืงื”.

ืฆื“ืงื” ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืึทื– ืขืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืง ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜ ืฆื•ื ืืจืขืžืืŸ.

ื“ืึธืก ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื›ืŸ ืฆื• ืืฉ,

ื•ื•ืึธืจื•ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืœื˜ ื”ืื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืืš ื’ืขื”ืืจืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื“ืขืจ,

ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื,

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ื—ื™ื™ ื ืคืฉื•,

ื‘ืžื™ืœื ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื“ืืš ืคืึทืจืงืึธื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช 20 ).

ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ืขืก ืึทื•ื•ืขึทืง ืœืขื ื™ ื“ืœื™ืช ืœื™' ืžื’ืจืžื™' ื›ืœื•ื,

ื“.

ื”.

ืึทื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื 21 )

ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ื’ื™ื˜

(ื•ื•ืึธืจื•ื•ื ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ืžืฆื“ ืึท ื˜ืขื,

ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืชื™ื ืช ืฆื“ืงื” ืœืขื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื”ืจืชื”,

ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ ื“ืœื™ืช ืœื™' ืžื’ืจืžื™' ื›ืœื•ื,

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืืš ืขืคืขืก ืึทืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืฆื“ ื“ืขื ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื™ื ืžืขืŸ ื–ืืœ ืื™ื ื’ืขื‘ืŸ),

ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืžืฆื“ ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“.

ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืึทืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืืฉ.

ืขืจ ื ืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ "ืืฉ",

ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ืช,

ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืึท ืžื˜ื‘ืข,

ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ.

ื ืืš ืžืขืจืขืจ,

ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ื’ื•ืคื ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉ,

ื•ื•ืึธืจื•ื ืขืก ื“ืืจืฃ ื“ืืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืคื™ื™ืกื•,

ื“ืขืจ ื”ืจื’ืฉ.

ื ืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืจื’ืฉ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฆื“ ืึทืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ืขื ืขื ืงื•ืžื˜,

ื ืึธืจ ืžืฆื“ ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ.

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื“ืงื” ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืืฉ,

ืžืฆื“ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืขืžื™ื: ื)

ืขืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืง ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ.

ื‘)

ื“ืขืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ื’ื•ืคื ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื—ื™ื•ืช.

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืคื›ื™ื ืงื•ืžื˜ ืžืฆื“ ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ื•ืขืฆื ื”ื ืคืฉ ื›ื "ืœ,

ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืขืก ื›ื•ืคืจ ื ืคืฉื•,

ื•ื—ื˜ืืš ื‘ืฆื“ืงื” ืคืจื•ืง 22 ),

ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึท ื›ืคืจื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื,

ื•ื’ื ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื—ื˜ื ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช 23 )

ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ื•ืจื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืกื™ืœื•ืง ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” 24 ),

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืฆื“ืงื” ืื™ื– ืžืขืŸ ืžื›ืคืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื‘ื™ื– ืึทื– ื™ืชืจืฆื” ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš,

ืื—ื–ื” ืคื ื™ืš,

ื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื›ืž"ืฉ ื•ืขืฉื• ืœื™ ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืฉื›ื ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื,

ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ.

(ืžืฉื™ื—ืช ืฉ"ืค ืฉืงืœื™ื,

ืชืฉื™"ื–)

ื™ื.

ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื”ืคื˜ืจื” ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืืœื™' ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืช ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขืช ืฆืจื” - ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ,

ื•ื•ื™ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืขืช ืฆืจื”,

ืžืฆื“ ื˜ืฉื˜ื•ืฉ ื”ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ื—ื•ืช.

ืืœื™' ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืื™ื“ืŸ,

ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื–ื™ื™,

ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืืชื ืคื•ืกื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืกืขื™ืคื™ื.

ืœื›ืื•ืจื”,

ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืื˜ ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืžืึธื ื˜ ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืืชื ืคื•ืกื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืกืขื™ืคื™ื,

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืึทืจืคื˜ ืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืืชื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื‘ืขืœ,

ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ืืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื”ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืขืœ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื”ื•ื™' ื”ื•ื ื”ืืœืงื™ื.

ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืขืก ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื“ืขื ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืกื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืกืขื™ืคื™ื.

ื™ื‘.

ื‘ืืžืช ืื™ื– ื“ืืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืขืก ืึทื– ื ืื™ื“ ื–ืืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”?

ืื™ื“ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขื– ื“ืืš ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืฆื• ื›ืคื™ืจื” ื—ืก-ื•ืฉืœื•ื ื›ืœืœ.

ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืขืก ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืจืžื‘"ื 25 )

ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืคื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžืฆื“ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืžืœืžืขืœื” ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื–ืœื•ืช,

ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืžืฉืชื—ื•ื” ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืคื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื–ืœื•ืช,

ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื–ืœื•ืช ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช.

ื“ืขืจ ืืžืช ืื™ื–,

ืึทื– ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื–ืœื•ืช,

ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“,

ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื›ื’ืจื–ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื‘.

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช 26 )

ื“ืขืจ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืื‘ ื•ืื,

ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื™ื ื• ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืœื”ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“,

ื‘ื™ื– ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื–ืœื•ืช,

ืึทื– ื ื™ื˜ ื ืืจ ืฉืœื ื ืฆื˜ื•ื™ื ื• ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืœื”ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“,

ื ืืจ ืื“ืจื‘ื”,

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ืืš ืึทืŸ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” - ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืข ืื‘ ื•ืื ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”,

ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื–ืœื•ืช โ€ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื›ื’ืจื–ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื‘.

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืช ืžืขืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื–ืœื•ืช,

ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”,

ื•ื•ืืก ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืจื‘ืกื˜ืข ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช,

ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืžืจื 27 ),

ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืคืจ ื‘ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื”.

ื ืžืฆื ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื” ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื“ื™ื ื˜ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฆื• ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ,

ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืึทืœืฉืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ,

ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช,

ื“.

ื”.

ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืคื ื™ื•ืช.

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื” ื•ื•ืืก ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืคืึทืœืŸ ืจื—ืžื ื ืœืฆืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื˜ื ืข"ื– - ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืข"ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืืžืช ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื,

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืคื ื™ื•ืช.

(ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื ืื™ื“ ื“ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ ื ืืจ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ื‘ืื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ,

ื ืืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืืžืช ื•ื‘ืœื‘ ืฉืœื,

ืฉืœื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืคืจืก,

ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”,

ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ,

ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื ืืจ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืžืฉืคื™ืข).

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขื ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื“ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื‘ืขืœ,

ื›ืž"ืฉ 28 )

ื•ืžืŸ ืื– ื—ื“ืœื ื• ื’ื•' ื—ืกืจื ื• ื›ืœ.

ื™ื’.

ื”ื’ื ื“ืขืจ ื›ืœืœื•ืช ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืข"ื– ืื™ื– ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืžืงื‘ืœ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื™ืจ,

ืื™ื– ืื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืคื ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื: ืข"ื– ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืกื— ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืกืขื™ืคื™ื.

ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืžื™ื™ื ื˜,

ืึทื– ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื‘ืืžืช ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืข"ื– ื’ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื”ืฉืคืขื”,

ืื™ื– ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืก'ืื™ื– ื˜ืึทืงืข ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืึท ืคื ื™',

ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคื ื™' ื‘ื™ื™ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืืžืช,

ืขืจ ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื˜ืึทืงืข ืึทื– ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื–ืœื•ืช ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ื ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื”ืฉืคืขื”.

ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ืคื•ืกื— ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืกืขื™ืคื™ื,

ืื™ื– ื“ืืš ื‘ืกืคืง,

ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื ืึทื–ืขืœื›ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืกืคืง,

ื•ืžื–ืžืŸ ืœื–ืžืŸ ื›ืึทืคื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืข"ื– ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืžืžืฉ.

ื ืืš ืึทืŸ ืื•ืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื•ืกื— - ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ: ืขืจ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืืžืช ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš,

ืึทื– ืึทืคื™ืœื• ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืื“ืขืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืกืคืง - ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ื•ืจ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืœื‘ ื›ืœืœ,

ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืŸ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,

ื‘ื™ื– ืึทื– ืื•ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืื™ื– ื–ื™ืš ื ืื™ื“ ืžื•ืกืจ ื ืคืฉ,

ื›ื“ืื™ืชื ื‘ืชื ื™ื 29 ).

ื™ื“.

ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื•ืกื— ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ืขืจื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”.

ื”ื’ื ืึทื– ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืช ืื™ื– ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืขืจื’ืขืจ,

ื•ื•ืึธืจื•ื โ€ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคืึทืจื“ืึธืจื‘ืŸ,

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ื›ื•ืคืจ ืจื—ืžื ื ืœืฆืœืŸ,

- ืื‘ืขืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืฆื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”,

ืื™ื– ื”ืคื•ืกื— ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ืขืจื’ืขืจ,

ื•ื•ืึธืจื•ื ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืกื— ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ื–ืึธืœ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืคืืจืืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคืจื˜ื™ื:

ื)

ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”,

ืื™ื– ื‘ืฉืขืช ืขืจ ื›ืึทืคื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื– ื”ื•ื™' ื”ื•ื ื”ืืœืงื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืึท ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื˜ืขื•ืช,

ืคื™ืœื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื—ื˜ื ื•ื•ืืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ,

ื•ื‘ืžื™ืœื ื˜ื•ื˜ ืขืจ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ,

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื•ืฉื‘ ื•ืจืคื ืœื•.

ื“ืึทืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืกื— ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืกืขื™ืคื™ื,

ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืขืจ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ื“ืืš ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ,

ืื™ื– ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืคืขื˜ืขืจ,

ืคื™ืœื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื—ื˜ื,

ืขืจ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš: ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื—ื˜ื?

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืืš ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืกืคืง ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช,

ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื“ืืš ื•ื•ื™ ืึทืœืข ืื™ื“ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื›ื•'.

ื‘ืžื™ืœื ื”ืื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืจื˜ื” ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืืžืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœื™ืžื” 30 ).

ื‘)

ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืžืงื•ืœืงืœ ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืจ"ืœ,

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื˜ืขื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืึทื– ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื•ื - ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื - ื”ืืœืงื™ื.

ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ืื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื– ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืคื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืงื™ื ืืžืช,

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื›ืœืœื•ืช ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื ื•ื’ืข.

ื“ืึทืงืขื’ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืกื— ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ,

ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ื“ืืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื–ื ืคืึทืจื“ืึธืจื‘ื ืงื™ื™ื˜,

ืึทื– ื ื™ื˜ ื ืืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ืืœืงื™ื ืืžืช,

ื ืืจ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ื›ืœืœื•ืช ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช,

ื•ืจืื™ื” ืขืœ ื–ื”,

ืึทื– ื•ื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขื ืืžืช ืึทื– ื”ื•ื™' ื”ื•ื ื”ืืœืงื™ื,

ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื™ ืื™ื ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ - ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื - ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช,

ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ืžื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื—ืฆื•ื‘ ื‘ืืจื•ืช ื ืฉื‘ืจื™ื 31 ).

ืึทืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”,

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืจื™ืจื˜ ืื™ื ืึธืŸ,

ืื™ื– ื‘ืฉืขืช ืขืจ ื›ืึทืคื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื•ืช,

ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืขืจ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื˜ืึธืŸ.

ื“ืึทืงืขื’ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืกื— ื›ื•',

ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื ื•ื’ืข ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช,

ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื ื•ื’ืข ื ืืจ ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช,

ืื™ื– ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฆื•ื ืืžืช ืึทื– ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื’ื˜ ืึธืคึผ ื ืืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ,

ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื˜ืืŸ ืฆื•ื ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช - ื ืืจ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช.

ื˜ื•.

ื“ืึธืก ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื ืืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš.

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืืŸ ื ืืš ืึทืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคื•ืกื— ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ืื™ื– ืขืจื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”,

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–: ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืฆื• ื™ืขื ืขื.

ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ื ื˜ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืจ"ืœ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืืคืœืขืจื ืขืŸ.

ื•ื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืึทื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื›ื•ืคืจ,

ื”ืื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ืŸ.

ื“ืึทืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืกื— ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืกืขื™ืคื™ื,

ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืืš ื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš,

ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžื—ื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื,

ื•ื”ืžื—ื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืงืฉื” ืžื›ื•ืœื.

ื˜ื–.

ื“ื™ ื’ืžืจื 32 )

ื–ืื’ื˜ ืึทื– ื“ืขื ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ืคื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื—,

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื•ืกื— ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ื“ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”,

ืฆื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืงื•ืช ื“ื“ืงื•ืช,

ืฆื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืงื•ืช ืื“ืขืจ ื ืืš ืžืขืจืขืจ.

ืขืก ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืึทื–ืขืœื›ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช'ื“ื™ืงืข ืคื ื™ื•ืช,

ืคืจื ืกื”,

ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžื“ื•ืžื” ืื•ืŸ ืžื” ื™ืืžืจื• ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช,

ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืžื•ื•ืชืจ ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื” ืื•ื™ืฃ ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ืช.

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจ ื˜ืขื’ ืฆื™ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจ ื•ื•ืึธื›ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืขืจ ืึทื•ื•ืขึทืง ื“ืขื ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆืข - ืฉืขืœื•ื• - ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื ืึทื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื‘ื˜ืœืŸ,

ืึทื– ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ืงืข ืฆื™ื™ื˜,

ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื ืื™ืŸ ืึทืžืขืจื™ืงืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืึทืœื˜ืข ื–ืึทื›ืŸ,

ืžืขืŸ ื“ืืจืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืคื™ืจืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืจื•ื— ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื•'.

ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขื,

ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื ืึทื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื‘ื˜ืœืŸ,

ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžื“ื•ืžื”,

ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ืืš ื’ืขืœื˜

(ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืืžืช ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ื“ื™ ื’ืขืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืืงื˜ื•ื™ืจื™ื ื•ื›ื•',

ื•ื•ืึธืจื•ื ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื’ืขืœื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ื ืก ืจืฆื•ืŸ - ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก ืื•ื•ืขืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจืฆื•ื™ื™ื,

ื•ื•ืึธืจื•ึผื ืขืก ืคืขืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื‘ืจื›ืš ื’ื•' ื•ื™ืฉืžืจืš ืžืŸ ื”ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื)

ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื™ ืื™ื ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืืจืงื•ื™ืคืŸ,

ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื,

ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื ืฉืžื”.

ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื ืืš ืขืจื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”,

ืžืฆื“ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจ-ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืข ื˜ืขืžื™ื:

ื)

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ืฆื• ื˜ืืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืืžืช,

ื•ื•ืึธืจื•ื ืขืจ ืคื™ืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ื“ืขื ื—ื˜ื.

ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืึทื– ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื˜ื ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก,

ื•ื•ืึธืจื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื“ืืš ืึทืŸ ืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ืื™ื“,

ืื™ื– ืžื” ืจืขืฉ ืึทื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืคืจื ืกื” ื.

ื.

ื•ื•.

ื‘)

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ืคืึทืจื“ืืจื‘ืขื ืขืจ.

ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืข ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื ืฆื—ื™ื™ื,

ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื”.

ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืขื•ืœื-ื”ื‘ื ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“.

ื’)

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืžื—ื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื.

ื‘ืฉืขืช ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืขืคืขื ื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื›ืคื™ืจื”,

ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื•ื•ืึทืจืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“' ืืžื•ืช,

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืฉืขืช ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ื™ืงืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืคืš ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืŸ ื–ืื’ื˜ ืึทื– ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื” ืžืึทื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ื ืืš ืึท "ืจืื™'" ืคื•ืŸ ื ืคืกื•ืง ืื“ืขืจ ืึท ืžืืžืจ ืจื–"ืœ,

ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืžื—ื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื.

ื™ื–.

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืจืื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืคื˜ืจื” ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืึธื ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– "ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืืชื ืคื•ืกื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืกืขื™ืคื™ื",

ื“ืืก ืื™ื– ื ืืš ืขืจื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”.

ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืึทื– ืึทืœืข ืื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื”ื•ื™' ื”ื•ื ื”ืืœืงื™ื,

ื”ื•ื™' ื”ื•ื ื”ืืœืงื™ื,

ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืึธืœ,

ื ืืš ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืฉืขืช ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื™' ืืœืงื™ืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ 33 ),

ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœ ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืึทื– ื“ื•ืจืš ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืงื•ืžื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืฆื‘ ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื—ื˜ื,

ื›ืคืœื™ื ืœืชื•ืฉื™';

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืืœ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื•ืช,

ื ืืจ ื ืืš ืžืขืจืขืจ,

ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืžืืœ ืื™ื– ืึท ื”ืขื›ืขืจืข ืžื“ืจื™ื’ื” ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืืœ -

ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ: ื“ื™ ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ืืก ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืกื—ื™ื โ€ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื˜ืืŸ,

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืคืœื™ื ืœืชื•ืฉื™'.

ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืืš ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื” 34 ),

ืื™ื“ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืŸ,

ืื™ื– ื“ืขื ืื•ืจ ื•ื•ืืก ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”,

ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืขืจ ื ืžืฉืš ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ,

ืจื—ืžื ื ืœืฆืœืŸ,

ืžื—ื˜ื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ.

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ืกื“ ื•ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื,

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื—ื˜ื™ืื™ื ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืก ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืœืขืคื˜ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื˜ืืŸ ื‘ื›ืคืœื™ื ืœืชื•ืฉื™',

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืฆื•โ€ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ื”ื•ื™' ื”ื•ื ื”ืืœืงื™ื,

ื”ื•ื™' ื”ื•ื ื”ืืœืงื™ื.

(ืžืฉื™ื—ืช ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืชืฉื,

ืชืฉื™"ื–)

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