B"H
๐Ÿก

Ikar

Likkutei Sichos Volume 1, page 15

ื.

ืขืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืฉืจื” ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ืชื ืกื” ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• 1

(ืžื™ื˜ ืฆืขืŸ ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ื– ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื’ืขืคืจื•ืื•ื•ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืึธืจืŸ).

ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช - ืื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข - ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืจ ื›ืฉื“ื™ื,

ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ,

ื ืึธืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืจืžื–

(ืึธื ื“ื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’).

ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ "ืœืš ืœืš ืžืืจืฆืš ื•ืžืžื•ืœื“ืชืš ื•ืžื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ืš".

ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืš ืœืš ืžืืจืฆืš ื’ื•' ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ,

ืกื™ื™ ืžืœืžืขืœื” ืœืžื˜ื”,

ืกื™ื™ ืžืœืžื˜ื” ืœืžืขืœื” 2

ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื˜ื”

(ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ)

ื’ื•ืคื.

ื‘.

ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก:

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืฉืžื” ืœืžื˜ื” ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ื•ืฃ,

ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืงืขื’ื ื–ืึทืฆืŸ: ื)

"ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ืš ืืชื” ื—ื™" 3

(ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืœืขื‘ืกื˜ื•),

ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืฉืžื” ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ื•ืฃ ืื™ื– ืึท ืฆื•ื•ืึทื ื’-ื–ืึทืš ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื ืฉืžื”.

ื•ื•ืึธืจื•ื ื“ื™ ื ืฉืžื” - ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ื•ืฃ ืื™ื– ื—ืฆื•ื‘ื” ืžืชื—ืช ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ 4

(ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืึทืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขื ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“)

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืจืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืข ืžื“ืจื™ื’ื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืฉืžื”.

ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืึท ื”ืขื›ืขืจืข ืžื“ืจื™ื’ื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืฉืžื”,

ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืคื•ืŸ "ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื",

ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื”ืขื›ืขืจ.

ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจืึธืคึผื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื ืฉืžื” ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื™ืจื™ื“ื”,

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฉื™ื—ื” 5

ืึทื– ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื ืฉืžื” ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึทืจืึธืค ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ืขื ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ื™ื”ื ื,

ื›ื“ื™ ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜,

ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจืึธืคึผื ื™ื“ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืฉืžื” ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ื’ื•ืฃ ืึท ื’ืขืฆื•ื•ืื•ื ื’ืขื ืข ื–ืึทืš ื‘ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื ืฉืžื” - ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ืš ืืชื” ื—ื™.

ื‘)

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ,

ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืื™ื– ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก,

ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืฉืžื” ื“ื•ืงื ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืจื™ื“ื”,

ืฆื• ืึท ืžื“ืจื™ื’ื” ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืจ,

ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืื•ืกื˜ืขืจ ืžืืžืจ 6

ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืขืœื™ื”.

ื’.

ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืžืจื•ืžื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืกื•ืง ืœืš ืœืš ืžืืจืฆืš ื•ืžืžื•ืœื“ืชืš ื•ืžื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ืš ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืืจืืš.

"ืžืืจืฆืš" ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื ืฉืžื” ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ,

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืชื ื™ื

(ืคืจืง ื‘)

ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื ืฉืžื” ื ืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื›ืžื” ืขื™ืœืื” ื•ื•ืึธืก "ื”ื•ื ื•ื—ื›ืžืชื• ืื—ื“"

(ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื›ืžื” ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืก)

ื•ื•ืึธืจื•ื ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื›ืžื” 7 .

- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืชื ื™ื

(ืคืจืง ืœื‘)

"ืฉื›ื•ืœืŸ ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช,

ื•ืื‘ ืื—ื“ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื”",

ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช

(ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš)

- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžืฆื“ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืจืฆื•ืŸ,

ื•ืื‘ ืื—ื“ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื”

(ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ)

- ืžืฆื“ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื›ืžื”.

-

"ื•ืžืžื•ืœื“ืชืš ื•ืžื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ืš" - ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื ืฉืžื” ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื” ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื”.

"ืœื™ื“ื”"

(ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜)

ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ "ืื‘ ื•ืื"

(ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืขืจ),

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื—ื›ืžื” ืื™ื– "ืื‘" ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืื™ื– "ืื" 8 .

ืžื•ืœื“ืชืš - ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื ืฉืžื” ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื”,

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ืš ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื ืฉืžื” ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืคื™ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื”,

ื•ื•ืึธืจื•ื ืื‘,

ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜,

ืื™ื– ื—ื›ืžื”,

ืึธื‘ืขืจ "ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘" ืึท ื‘ื™ืช ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื›ืœื™ ืฆื• ืื‘ - ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื ื”.

ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืคืŸ ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ: ืžื•ืœื“ืชืš - ืื™ื– ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื•ืœื™ื“.

ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ืš ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื ืฉืžื” ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช.

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจืŸ ืื•ืคืŸ: ืžืืจืฆืš,

ืžืžื•ืœื“ืชืš,

ืžื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ืš - ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก,

ื‘ื™ื ื”,

ื–"ื ื•ื ื•ืง' 9 .

ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ-ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืข ืžื“ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื ืฉืžื” ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกื“ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช: ืžืืจืฆืš - ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื ืฉืžื” ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืึทืฆื™ืœื•ืช.

ืžื•ืœื“ืชืš - ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื ืฉืžื” ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืึทืฆื™ืœื•ืช,

ื•ื•ืึธืจื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื ืฉืžื•ืช ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืึทืฆื™ืœื•ืช 10 ,

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืื™ื– ืžืื™ืจ ื—ื›ืžื” - ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•"ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื ื”ื•ื™' 11 .

ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ืš ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื ืฉืžื” ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”,

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืœื™ื™ื›ื˜ ืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” 12 ,

ืื•ืŸ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื“ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื›ืชืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ืื” 13 .

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื ืฉืžื”: ืœืš ืœืš ืžืืจืฆืš ื•ืžืžื•ืœื“ืชืš ื•ืžื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ืš ืึทื– ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืึทืจืึธืคึผื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืœืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ-ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืข ื“ืจื’ื•ืช,

ื‘ื™ื– โ€“ "ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืืจืืš" - ืึธื ื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขืจื“ื™ืฉึพื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช'ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื’ื•ืฃ,

ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ื“ื•ืงื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช'ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืงืขืจืคืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ ืฆื•ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืขืจ ืขืœื™ื”.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžืขืŸ "ื ืฉืžื” ืฉื ืชืช ื‘ื™ ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื•' ื•ืืชื” ืžืฉืžืจื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ื™",

"ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื" ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืฉืžื” ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืึทืฆื™ืœื•ืช,

"ืฉื ืชืช ื‘ื™" ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื”ืขื›ืขืจ,

ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืฆื• "ื‘ืจืืชื”" - ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”,

"ื™ืฆืจืชื”" - ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื– ืฆื• "ื ืคื—ืชื” ื‘ื™" ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช'ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื’ื•ืฃ,

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืงื ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื "ื ืคื—ืชื” ื‘ื™" ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ ืฆื• "ื•ืืชื” ืžืฉืžืจื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ื™" - ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ "ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื" ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืคื•ืŸ "ืฉื ืชืช ื‘ื™",

ื•ื•ืึธืจื•ื ืฉื•ืžืจ

(ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ื™ื˜)

- ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืขืจ ืคื•ื ื ื ืฉืžืจ

(ื•ื•ืขืจ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื”ื™ื˜).

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ "ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืืจืืš" - ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืš ืขืฆืžื•ืช

(ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ)

ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœ ื“ื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืŸ - ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ื“ื•ืงื ื“ืึธ ืœืžื˜ื” ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืขืฆืžื•ืช,

ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืชื ื™ื ืคืจืง ื“' ืึทื– ืœื™ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืชืคื™ืกืึธ ื‘ื™' ื›ื™ ืื ื›ืืฉืจ ืชืคื™ืกื ื•ืžืชืœื‘ืฉืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™'

(ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืงืขืŸ ืื™ื ื‘"ื” ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื ืขืžืขืŸ ืกื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืžืฆื•ื•ืช),

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ "ืœื ื‘ืฉืžื™ื" 14

(ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ),

ื ืึธืจ ื“ื•ืงื ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื’ืฉืžื™.

ื“.

ืื™ื– ื ืึธื›ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื ืฉืžื” ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขื ืœืš ืœืš ืžืืจืฆืš ืžืœืžืขืœื” ืœืžื˜ื” ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืึทืœืข ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึทืจื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ ื’ืฉืžื™,

ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžื˜ ื–ื™ ื“ืขื ื›ื•ื— ื“ื•ืจื›ืฆื•ืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื "ืœืš ืœืš ืžืืจืฆืš ื’ื•' ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืืจืืš" ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžืœืžื˜ื” ืœืžืขืœื”

(ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ-ืฆื•).

ื“ืขืจ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืึทืจื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ - ืืงื“ื™ืžื ื˜ืขื ื™ืชื™',

ืžืฉืขื” ืฉื ื ืขืจ ืœืฆืืช ืžืžืขื™ ืืžื• 15

(ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื ื“ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ื˜ืขืจืก ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜).

ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื.

ืื™ื– ื‘ืฉืขืช ื“ื™ ื ืฉืžื” ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึทืจืึธืค ื“ืึธ ืœืžื˜ื”,

ื’ื™ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ื›ื•ื— ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ื™ื™ืŸ "ืžืืจืฆืš" - ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจืฆื” 16

- ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื ืคืฉ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ืช.

ื•ืžืžื•ืœื“ืชืš - ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจึพื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžื“ื•ืช.

ื•ืžื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ืš - ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืขืœื›ืข ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื™ื™ ืื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื™ืงืข ื“ืขืจืฆื™ืื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืื•ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ 17

- ืื™ื– ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืœืข ื–ืึทื›ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ื™ื™ืŸ,

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ โ€“ "ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืืจืืš" - ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ,

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืขืจืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื ืคืฉ ื”ืืœืงื™ืช,

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึทื˜ื™ืจืœืขืšึพื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช,

ื“ื™ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจึพื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจึพื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืึธืจื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืคืฉ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ืช.

ื”.

ื ืึธื›ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื ืฉืžื” ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืึทืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืจืฆืš,

ืžื•ืœื“ืชืš ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืคืฉ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ืช,

ืžืึธื ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ ืื™ืจ ืึท ื”ืขื›ืขืจืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืจืฆืš,

ืžื•ืœื“ืชืš ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ืš,

ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืคืฉ ื”ืืœืงื™ืช.

ืžืืจืฆืš - ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื ืคืฉ ื”ืืœืงื™ืช,

ืžืžื•ืœื“ืชืš - ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื›ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื ืคืฉ ื”ืืœืงื™ืช,

ื•ืžื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ืš - ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” - ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืืจืืš - ืฆื•ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ืžื“ืจื™ื’ื” ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื•ื“ืขืช,

ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื”ื ื—ื” ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืจืื™' ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื›ืžื” - ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื - ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ,

ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื“ื—ื›ืžื”.

(ืžืฉื™ื—ืช ื™"ื’ ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉื™"ื“)

* * *

ื•.

ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื™ืœ ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื,

ืึทื– ืึท ืื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืชื•ืจื”,

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืข ืกื“ืจื•ืช,

ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกื“ืจื” ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืข ื•ื•ืึธืš,

ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึธื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืคื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืš.

ื–.

ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืกื“ืจื” ืื™ื–,

ื“ืขืจ ืกื™ืคึผื•ืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœืณืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืงืณืŸ.

ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ืึธืคืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืึทื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืขื ื™ื ื™ื.

ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื“ืจื” ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ืืณืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ โ€“ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื™ืฆื—ืง.

ื‘ืฉืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื‘ืจื”ืืณืขืŸ ืึทื– ื‘ื™ื™ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืึธืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง,

ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœืณืŸ.

ื”ืึธื˜ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ: ืœื• ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื™ื—ื™ืณ ืœืคื ื™ืš

(ื”ืœื•ืึทื™ ื–ืึธืœ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ืจ).

ื“.

ื”.

ืึทื– ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืึธืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ,

ืึทื‘ื™ ืึทื– ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ืš,

ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืคืคื™ืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ื ืก ื“ืจื›ื™ื 18 .

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜: ื ื™ื™ืŸ,

ื‘ื™ื™ ื“ื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ื•ืงื ื’ืขื‘ืึธืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง,

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืžืชืณืขืจ ื ื—ืช.

ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื• ื‘ืขื˜ืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœืณืŸ,

ืื™ื– ืดื•ืœื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ืฉืžืขืชื™ืšืด โ€“ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื• ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื—ืช,

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ ืงืขื ืกื˜ื• ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื ื•ื’ืขื ืขืŸ,

ื ืึธืจ ื“ื•ืงื ืดื‘ื™ืฆื—ืง ื™ืงืจื ืœืš ื–ืจืขืด.

ื—.

ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืื™ื– ื“ืึทืŸ ืึทืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 99 ื™ืึธืจ.

ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืึท ืกืš ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช.

ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ื™ืง ืึทื– ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ื“ืขื ืืžืช'ืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื ื—ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ.

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืดืœื• ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื™ื—ื™ืณ ืœืคื ื™ืšืด ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืึทื– ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื–ืึธืœ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ โ€“ ืื‘ืจื”ื โ€“ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื™ื ืึธื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืŸ,

ื‘ื™ื– ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืึทื–ืึท ื ื—ืช ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ ื•ื•ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜.

ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืึทื– ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืขื ื“ืขื ืื™ื– ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืžืช'ืŸ ื ื—ืช ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื• ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืงืณืŸ ื“ื•ืงื.

ื™ืฉืžืขืืœืณืก ืžืึทืžืข,

ื”ื’ืจ,

ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžื“ืจืฉ 19 ,

ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึท ืคืจื•ืžืข.

ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜,

ืึทื– ืื™ืจืข ืื•ื™ืคืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขืคืึทืกื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ,

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืงื˜ื•ืจื” 20 .

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืžืกื™ืจืช ื ืคืฉ,

ื•ื•ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ื–ืดืœ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืื•ื ื– 21 ,

ืึทื– ื”ื’ืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจืขื” ืžืœืš ืžืฆืจื™ื โ€“ ืึท ืงื™ื™ืกืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืžืœื•ื›ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ โ€“ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืงื˜ ืึทื•ื•ืขืงืฆื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืขื ื™ื’ืœืขื›ืŸ ืคืึทืœืึทืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ ืฉืจื”ืณืŸ,

ืึทื‘ื™ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ืืณืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–.

ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ื™ืง,

ืึทื– ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืจ ื–ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœืณืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’.

ื“ืึธืก ืึทืœืฅ ื’ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื– ืžืขืจ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึธืก ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื‘ืึทื ื•ื’ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœืณืŸ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ,

ื”ืึธืคื ื“ื™ืง ืึทื– ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืœืงืึธืžืขืŸ ื ื—ืช.

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ,

ืื™ื– ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื,

ื ืึธืš ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื™ืฆื—ืง ื™ืงืจื ืœืš ื–ืจืข.

ื˜.

ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœืณืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืงืณืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ: ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ'ืก ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื ืึทื˜ื™ืจืœืขื›ืŸ ืื•ืคืŸ,

ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ืกื™ื,

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง'ืก ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ืกื™ื.

ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื ืึทื˜ื™ืจืœืขื›ืŸ ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทื– ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจื” ื–ืึธืœืŸ,

ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ,

ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืงื™ื ื“.

ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึทื– ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ืคืึทืกื™ืจืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื–ืึทืš,

ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึทื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื–ืขืœื›ืข ื ืกื™ื.

ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขื ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึทืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื“ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ'ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืงืณืŸ โ€“ ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”,

ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ืกืคืขืฆื™ืขืœืข ืžืฆื•ื”,

ื“ื•ืจืš ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึทืŸ

(ืคืึทืจ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”)

ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืึท ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ.

ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืณืžืœืณื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืจื™ื™ืฆืŸ ื™ืึธืจ.

ื‘ืฉืขืช ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึทืœื˜ ื“ืจื™ื™ืฆืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืœ,

ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช 22

ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ืžืขืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื ืก ืื•ื™ืคืคื™ืจื•ื ื’.

ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ืžืกื›ื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ โ€“ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึทืŸ ื’ืขืณืžืœ'ื˜.

ื™ืฆื—ืงืณืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืณืžืœ'ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึทืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทื›ื˜ ื˜ืขื’.

ื‘ื™ื™ ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื›ื˜ ื˜ืขื’ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืฆื• ืคืจืขื’ืŸ.

ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ,

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืึท ืกืึธืจื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืขืŸ ืงืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืžืขืงืŸ โ€“ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“,

ืดื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื•ืœื" โ€“ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืคืกื•ืง ืจื•ืคื˜ ืขืก ืึธืŸ.

ื™.

ืื™ื– ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸึพื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ'ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืงืณืŸ: ื)

ื™ืฆื—ืงืณืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื ืึทื˜ื™ืจืœืขื›ืขืจ,

ื ืกื™ืืณื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืขื’ื ื–ืึทืฅ ืฆื• ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ'ืก ื ืึทื˜ื™ืจืœืขื›ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜,

ืื•ืŸ ื‘)

ื™ืฆื—ืง'ืก ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืคืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ,

ื‘ืฉืขืช ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ'ืก ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื›ืœ โ€“ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ,

ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืืก ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•ืณืก ืืžืชืณืขืจ ื ื—ืช ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืงื ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืงืณืŸ.

ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ,

ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืœ,

ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“,

ืื•ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ โ€“ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืš ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœืณืŸ.

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื”ืึธื“ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–,

ืื™ื– ืžืฆื“ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ืื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ,

ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ื“ืขื ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜,

ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืื™ื“ื™ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜ ื ืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ,

ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“,

ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืก'ืื™ื– ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ.

ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ: ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’,

ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ ืื™ื ืื™ื“ื™ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜,

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืœืขืจ ืžืึธืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื‘ืึทื’ืจืขื ืขืฆื˜ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“.

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ื™ื™ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ'ืŸ โ€“ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืจื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉื” 23 ,

ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ืืณืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–,

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืื™ื ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ,

ื•ื•ืึธืจื•ื โ€“ ืดื‘ื™ืฆื—ืง ื™ืงืจื ืœืš ื–ืจืขืด 24 .

ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื“ื™ื™ื˜: ื‘ืฉืขืช ืžืขืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื™ื“ื™ืฉืข ื“ื•ืจื•ืช,

ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื• ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ.

ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืงื™ื•ื ืื•ืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื“ืŸ ืื™ื– ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ.

ื‘ื™ื™ ืื™ื“ืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ ืึธืŸ,

ื”ื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืกื™ื,

ื ื™ื˜ ืจืขื›ืขื ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ.

ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฆื• ืื‘ืจื”ืืณืขืŸ: ื“ืขื ืืžืช'ืŸ ืื™ื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื ื—ืช ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืงื ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื’ึพื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืื•ืคืŸ,

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ื™ื ืึทื›ื˜ ื˜ืขื’ โ€“ ื“.

ื”.

ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื• โ€“ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ,

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื•ืœื โ€“ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“,

ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื‘ื™ื™ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ.

ื‘ื™ื™ ืึทื–ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืื™ื“ื™ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ,

ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืกื™ืจืช ื ืคืฉ,

ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืžืช'ืŸ ืื™ื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื ื—ืช.

ื™ื.

ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืดื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืขึพื‘ื•ืšืด,

ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืง.

ื“ื™ ืจืื™ืณ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ื”ื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืึธืŸ ื ืึธื›ืึทืžืึธืœ ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช.

ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื•ื ื–,

ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืึธื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืึธืจื˜,

ื•ื•ื™ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึท ืื™ื“ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืคืคื™ืจืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–,

ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื”ื™ืœื”.

ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืกื“ืจื” ืึทืŸ ืึธื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ืื•ื ื’ ื‘ืคืจื˜,

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจึพืคื•ื ืงื˜.

ื™ื‘.

ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืึทื–ืขืœื›ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืกื“ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ืื•ื ื’ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื ื“ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื•ื•ืึทืงืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืคืฆื•ืคื™ืจืŸ,

ื”ืึธืคื ื“ื™ืง ืึทื– ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื“ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื‘ื ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื“ื™ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜.

ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืŸ ืึธื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืกื“ืจื”: ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ,

ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ,

ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื›ืœ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ.

ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ื“ืขืจืฆื• ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืงื ืžืกื™ืจืช ื ืคืฉ.

ื™ื’.

ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืจืื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื:

ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ืดืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืกืขืจื˜ืขืด ืื™ื“ื™ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš,

ืึทื– ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ,

ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืžืขืจ.

ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื”ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ื–ืึทืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึธืคึผื”ืขื ื’ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืกืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช.

ื‘ื™ื™ ืื™ื“ืŸ,

ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจึพื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช,

ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืชื•ืจื”ึพื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’,

ืึทื– ื‘ื™ื™ ืื™ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ืื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืกื“ืจ,

ืึทื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื ื“ ืื™ื– ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึทื›ื˜ ื˜ืขื’ ืึทืœื˜,

ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืกื˜ืข ืžืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื“ื™ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜,

ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืื™ื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“,

ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ,

ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆืขืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ืึทื ืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ,

ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื•ืœื.

ื™ื“.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืึทื– ืื•ื™ืš ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืกื˜ืข ืžืึธืก ืื™ื“ื™ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜?

ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜,

ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ื•ื•ื™ื™ื– ืึธืŸ,

ืึทื– ื“ืขื“ ืื™ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืึธืœืง ื‘ื›ืœืœ,

ื•ื‘ืžื™ืœื ืื•ื™ืš ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื™ื“ ื‘ืคืจื˜,

ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจึพื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช.

ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜,

ืึทื– ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืึธืคึผืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืึธืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื™ื˜.

ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื˜ืึทืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืึธืœืง ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึทืžืข ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื ืึทื˜ื™ืจืœืขื›ืŸ ืื•ืคืŸ,

ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื˜ืึทืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืœื˜ืกื˜ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง,

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืกื˜ืข ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืงื™ื•ื ืื™ื– ื ืึธืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ืกื™ื,

โ€“ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™.

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืคื™ืจื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“,

ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืึทื– ืึท ืื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“,

ื“ืึทืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ึพืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืดื‘ื™ืฆื—ืง ื™ืงืจื ืœืš ื–ืจืข" โ€“ ื“ื• ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืžืช'ืŸ ื ื—ืช,

ืกื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืกื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช.

(ืžืฉื™ื—ืช ื•ืณ ืžืจื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉื—"ื™)

ื˜ื•.

ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš ืื™ื– ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืข ื˜ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•,

ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ื“ืขื ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืกื™ืจืช ื ืคืฉ 25 ,

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืฆื• ืึทืœืข ืื™ื“ืŸ ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื.

ืึทืคื™ืœื• ื’ืจื™ื ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื›ืœืœ,

ื•ื•ืึธืจื•ื ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ืึทื‘ืจื”ื'ืขืŸ.

ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื.

ืฆื• ื™ืฆื—ืง'ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘'ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื˜ืึทืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™,

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฆื• ืื‘ืจื”ื'ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืจื™ื.

ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืจืžื‘"ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืื•ืกื˜ืขืจ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” 2625*

ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื– ืžื™ื•ืกื“ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ 27 ,

ืึทื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืจื™ื ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ "ืœืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•",

ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืื™ื– ืึท ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ืึทืœืข ื’ืจื™ื.

ื‘ืžื™ืœื ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ื™ืง ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื“ืขื ื›ื•ื— ืคื•ืŸ ืžืกื™ืจืช ื ืคืฉ ืฆื• ืึทืœืข ืื™ื“ืŸ,

ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื›ืœืœ.

ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืžืึธื ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ื™ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ืžืงื™ื™ื ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื™ื™ื˜,

ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึธืคึผื”ืขื ื’ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืกื™ืจืช ื ืคืฉ 28 .

ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืฉื™ื˜ื,

ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืœืš ืœืš ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืึทื•ื“ืึทื™ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืข,

ืฐืึธืจื•ื ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืจืขื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื ืึธื›ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืงื™ื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืฆื•ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืœื”,

ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืึท ื”ื•ื›ืขืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ.

ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ื—ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืžื—ืช ืชื•ืจื” ืชืฉ"ื™ 29

ืึทื– ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื‘ืขืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ,

ืึท ืื™ื“ ืึท "ืคึผืึธืกืขืกืึธืจ",

ืึท ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืช,

"ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื ืขืœื ืžื›ืœ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ" 3028* ,

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขื "ืœืš ืœืš",

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ืœื ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืข'ืžืœ'ื˜.

ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคืึทืจ ืึท ืžื“ืจื™ื’ื” ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืžืฆื•ืช ืžื™ืœื”.

ืžืฆื•ืช ืžื™ืœื” ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ื”

(ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜).

ืึทืœืข ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืžืฆื•ืช ืžื™ืœื”,

ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ื ื‘ืจืื™ื,

ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืฆื•ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ื›ื•ื—.

ืžืฆื•ืช ืžื™ืœื” ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ืขื ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ,

ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทื– ืžื™ืœืช ืึทื‘ืจื”ื ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืœื” ืฉืœืžืขืœื” 31

ื•ืžืœ ื“' ืืœืงื™ืš ืืช ืœื‘ื‘ืš.

ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ - ืื™ื– ืžืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืžืฆื•ืช ืžื™ืœื” ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืื•ืจื•ืช ื ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืื•ืŸ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื”ืฉืชืœืฉืœื•ืช 32 .

ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืื™ื– ืžื™ืœื” ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜,

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื•ืœื“ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื“ืึธืก ืึท ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื›ื•ื— ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ืœืžื˜ื”,

ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช 33 .

ื‘ืžื™ืœื ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืš ืึทื•ื•ื“ืึทื™ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืข,

ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธื›ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืข,

ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ 34

ืึทื– ืฉืžื—ืช ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื ืžืฉืš ื“ืขืจ ืžืงื™ืฃ ื›ืœืœื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื›ื•ืœืœ ืึทืœืข ืžืงื™ืคื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืชืฉืจื™,

ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืžื—ืช ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื ืžืฉืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื™ืึธืจ.

(ืžืฉื™ื—ืช ืฉ"ืค ืœืš ืœืš ืชืฉื™"ื)

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